Holt Traditions • Warriner's Handbook • Sixth Course
Chapter 1: Chapter Review (Sections A & B, Items 1–45)
Complete Parts of Speech Study Guide & Interactive Answer Key
Complete Parts of Speech Study Guide & Interactive Answer Key
Grammar • Usage • Mechanics • Sentences
Comprehensive Mastery Assessment of All 8 Parts of Speech • Interactive Self-Check
How Do Context-Shifting Words Work in the Chapter 1 Review?
In the Chapter 1 Review of Holt Traditions: Warriner's Handbook, Sixth Course, a word's part of speech is determined strictly by its grammatical function in the sentence. Several paired items in Section A specifically test identical words used as different parts of speech:
| Word Tested | Chapter Review Item Comparison | Why the Part of Speech Changes |
|---|---|---|
| plants | Item 11 (Verb) vs. Item 12 (Noun) | In Item 11 ("climber plants his flag"), it expresses an action; in Item 12 ("Will the plants... survive"), it names living things. |
| along | Item 13 (Preposition) vs. Item 14 (Adverb) | In Item 13 ("walked along the river"), it takes the noun object river; in Item 14 ("trotted along with us"), it modifies trotted without an object. |
| well | Item 17 (Interjection) vs. Item 18 (Noun) | In Item 17 ("Well!"), it expresses sudden emotion; in Item 18 ("water from the well"), it names a structure and acts as the object of from. |
| after / before | Items 15 & 19 (Conjunction) vs. Items 16 & 20 (Preposition) | Followed by a subject + verb clause in Items 15 & 19 (subordinating conjunction), but followed only by a noun/gerund object in Items 16 & 20 (preposition). |
Academic Honor Code & Ethical Study Policy
Important Notice for Students, Parents, and Educators: This cumulative Chapter Review guide and interactive answer key is published strictly for educational help, academic support, self-checking, and test preparation—NOT for cheating or copying homework. Complete all 45 items in Sections A and B independently first, and then click Click to Show Answer below each item to check your mastery and review the grammatical explanations.
Complete Study Guide: Mastering the Chapter 1 Review (Items 1–45)
The Chapter 1 Review serves as the final mastery assessment for Parts of Speech Overview: Identification and Function. Educators and students can compare performance on these 45 items with the Chapter 1 Diagnostic Preview to measure progress across all nine chapter rules: Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives, Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections, and Determining Parts of Speech by Context.
1. Key Exam Rules to Remember for Section A (Items 1–20)
- Do Not Identify Articles as Adjectives: Just like the Diagnostic Preview and Exercise 4, the textbook HELP note for the Chapter Review explicitly instructs you not to include the articles (a, an, and the) when identifying adjectives (Items 10 and 20).
- Include Compound Prepositions: When identifying prepositions in Item 4, remember to look for multi-word compound prepositions such as because of alongside single-word prepositions (of, in, to).
- Include All Parts of Separated Verb Phrases: In inverted sentences like Item 5 ("Only recently has my youngest sister, Jorena, been riding her bicycle..."), the helping verb has is separated from been riding by the subject. Combine all parts to identify the complete verb phrase: has been riding.
- Recognize Adjectives Used as Nouns & Nouns Used as Adjectives:
- In Item 6 ("for the dead"), the word dead is preceded by the definite article the and acts as the object of the preposition for, functioning as a noun.
- In Item 10 ("love songs"), the word love directly precedes and modifies the noun songs, functioning as an adjective.
2. Quick Reference Guide for Section B: Passage Analysis (Items 21–45)
In Section B, you must classify 25 italicized words or word groups within a three-paragraph essay about keeping a personal journal. Watch out for these high-frequency test traps:
| Section B Item | Target Word in Context | Why Students Often Miss It & Correct Classification |
|---|---|---|
| [21] & [27] | less than what you might pay is easy, for there's only one rule |
Both are conjunctions! Than introduces a subordinate comparison clause, and for (preceded by a comma) is a FANBOYS coordinating conjunction meaning "because." |
| [26] & [33] | Keeping a journal is easy Most important are those entries |
Both are predicate adjectives! In [26], easy follows the linking verb is and modifies the gerund phrase subject Keeping a journal. In [33], the inverted sentence places the predicate adjective important before the linking verb are to modify the subject entries. |
| [29] vs. [39] | the daily log vs. Re-reading your entries later | In [29], even though daily ends in -ly, it modifies the noun log, so it is an adjective. In [39], later modifies the gerund Re-reading (telling when), so it is an adverb. |
| [37] & [38] | which no one else reads free to say anything you want |
Both no one (written as two words) and anything are indefinite pronouns. |
| [41] | worth the effort, yes, it certainly is | In this textbook curriculum, conversational affirmative/negative words like yes and no set off by commas are classified as interjections. |
A. Identifying Parts of Speech (Items 1–20)
Directions: For each of the following sentences, identify each word that is the part of speech indicated in parentheses.
HELP Note: In the Chapter Review, do not identify articles (a, an, and the) as adjectives.
1
Whenever Anna started a new sculpture, she was usually not thinking of the time it would take to finish. (adverb)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- usually; not — Both adverbs modify the verb phrase was thinking (usually tells how often; not tells to what extent). Note that Whenever is a subordinating conjunction.
2
Ms. Garcia decided to buy or lease a new computer because the speed and memory capacity of her old one were no longer satisfactory. (conjunction)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- or; because; and — or (coordinating conjunction joining buy and lease); because (subordinating conjunction introducing the reason clause); and (coordinating conjunction joining speed and memory capacity).
3
The book might be available at the library, at the bookstore, or online. (noun)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- book; library; bookstore — Note that in the Teacher's Edition key, online is underlined alongside the three nouns, though in contemporary grammar online here functions as an adverb telling where.
4
My mother's book of short stories, written when she was in college, was titled New Yorkers because of the stories' similarity in subject matter to James Joyce's stories in Dubliners. (preposition)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- of; in; because of; in; to; in — of (object: stories); first in (object: college); compound preposition because of (object: similarity); second in (object: subject matter); to (object: stories); third in (object: Dubliners).
5
Only recently has my youngest sister, Jorena, been riding her bicycle outside the yard. (verb)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- has; been; riding (verb phrase: has been riding) — Helping verbs has and been combine with the main verb riding.
6
In modern times, poets have usually used the term elegy to mean "a poem of lamentation for the dead." (noun)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- times; poets; term; elegy; poem; lamentation; dead — All seven words function as nouns (note that dead is preceded by the article the and serves as the noun object of the preposition for).
7
This is just the book I wanted. (pronoun)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- This; I — This is a demonstrative pronoun acting as the subject of is; I is a first-person personal pronoun acting as the subject of wanted.
8
The word atom was first used by the ancient Greeks. (adverb)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- first — Modifies the verb phrase was used, telling when.
9
In literature, a novel is not distinguished from other genres by its subject matter but is distinguished by its form and length. (conjunction)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- but; and — Both are coordinating conjunctions (but joins the two verb phrases; and joins the two nouns form and length).
10
Some Irish songs are comic songs, but others are patriotic songs, love songs, or laments. (adjective)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- Some; Irish; comic; patriotic; love — Every one of these five words modifies the noun songs (note that others is an indefinite pronoun).
11
The mountain climber plants his flag in the snowbank on top of the mountain. (verb)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- plants — Transitive action verb telling what the mountain climber does (direct object: flag).
12
Will the plants in your garden survive the frost tonight? (noun)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- plants; garden; frost — Note that tonight modifies Will survive by telling when, so tonight functions as an adverb here, not a noun!
13
As Anita walked along the river, a light rain was falling steadily. (preposition)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- along — Introduces the prepositional phrase along the river (object: river). Note that As is a subordinating conjunction because it is followed by the clause Anita walked.
14
The dog trotted along with us as we jogged toward the light. (adverb)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- along — Here along modifies the verb trotted (telling where/how), while with us is a separate prepositional phrase.
15
After every issue had gone to press, the editor of the school paper gave a weekly party. (conjunction)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- After — Subordinating conjunction introducing the subordinate clause After every issue had gone to press.
16
The coach and the football team reviewed the game videotapes weekly, on the day after each game. (adverb)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- weekly — Modifies the verb reviewed, telling how often / when (whereas in Item 15, weekly modified the noun party as an adjective!).
17
"Well!" exclaimed Ollie. "This is another fine mess!" (interjection)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- Well — Exclaimed alone with an exclamation point to express strong emotion.
18
Do you think this old pump will draw any water from the well? (noun)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- pump; water; well — Here well names a deep shaft in the earth for drawing water, functioning as a noun (object of the preposition from).
19
Before he answered the question, he tried to remember just how high a falcon could fly. (conjunction)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- Before — Subordinating conjunction introducing the adverb clause Before he answered the question.
20
Take the oregano from the high shelf above the stove, and sprinkle some in the stew before adding the thyme. (adjective)
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- high — Modifies the noun shelf (whereas in Item 19, high modified the verb phrase could fly as an adverb!). Remember that articles (the) are excluded.
B. Identifying Parts of Speech in a Passage (Items 21–45)
Directions: Identify each italicized word in the following paragraphs as a noun, a pronoun, an adjective, a verb, an adverb, a conjunction, a preposition, or an interjection.
Reading Passage: Keeping a Personal Journal (Items 21–45)
For less [21] than what you might pay to see a movie, [22] you can get to know yourself better. Simply purchase a [23] blank notebook and begin to keep a personal journal. You'll be amazed to see what you [24] learn [25] about yourself in just a short time.
Keeping a journal is [26] easy, [27] for there's only one rule: Date all of the entries. Writing four or five entries a week is a realistic goal; [28] usually your mood will determine the length of each entry. One type of entry is the [29] daily log, in which you record [30] what you did and how you felt on a particular day. Another is a [31] list of your favorite songs, movies, and poetry. [32] Most [33] important are [34] those entries that have nothing to do with your exterior life and, instead, [35] reveal your inner life: your dreams, your thoughts, your questions, your goals, and your feelings. [36] Because the journal is a personal book, which [37] no one else reads, it becomes a place where you're free to say [38] anything you want. Re-reading your entries [39] later will show you how you've changed.
If you're wondering [40] whether keeping a journal is worth the effort, [41] yes, it certainly is. According to one girl in [42] Connecticut, her journal is "the closest I've ever come to knowing [43] myself." The journal is an adventure [44] in self-awareness. [45] Try keeping one yourself.
21
For less [21] than what you might pay to see a movie...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- than — conjunction (conj.) (Subordinating conjunction introducing a comparison clause.)
22
...[22] you can get to know yourself better.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- you — pronoun (pro.) (Second-person personal pronoun acting as the subject of can get.)
23
Simply purchase a [23] blank notebook and begin to keep a personal journal.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- blank — adjective (adj.) (Modifies the noun notebook, telling what kind.)
24
You'll be amazed to see what you [24] learn...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- learn — verb (v.) (Mental action verb; its subject is you.)
25
...what you learn [25] about yourself in just a short time.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- about — preposition (prep.) (Introduces the prepositional phrase about yourself; object is the reflexive pronoun yourself.)
26
Keeping a journal is [26] easy...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- easy — adjective (adj.) (Predicate adjective following the linking verb is and describing the subject Keeping a journal.)
27
...is easy, [27] for there's only one rule: Date all of the entries.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- for — conjunction (conj.) (Coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses and meaning "because.")
28
...[28] usually your mood will determine the length of each entry.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- usually — adverb (adv.) (Modifies the verb phrase will determine, telling how often.)
29
One type of entry is the [29] daily log...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- daily — adjective (adj.) (Directly precedes and modifies the noun log, telling what kind.)
30
...in which you record [30] what you did and how you felt on a particular day.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- what — pronoun (pro.) (Introduces the noun clause what you did and acts as the direct object of did.)
31
Another is a [31] list of your favorite songs, movies, and poetry.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- list — noun (n.) (Common concrete noun functioning as a predicate nominative after is.)
32
[32] Most important are those entries...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- Most — adverb (adv.) (Modifies the adjective important to form the superlative degree, telling to what extent.)
33
Most [33] important are those entries...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- important — adjective (adj.) (Predicate adjective placed at the beginning of the inverted clause for emphasis; modifies the subject noun entries.)
34
Most important are [34] those entries that have nothing to do with your exterior life...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- those — adjective (adj.) (Demonstrative adjective directly preceding and modifying the noun entries.)
35
...and, instead, [35] reveal your inner life...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- reveal — verb (v.) (Transitive action verb; direct object is life.)
36
[36] Because the journal is a personal book...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- Because — conjunction (conj.) (Subordinating conjunction introducing the adverb clause Because the journal is a personal book.)
37
...which [37] no one else reads...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- no one — pronoun (pro.) (Indefinite pronoun acting as the subject of the verb reads.)
38
...it becomes a place where you're free to say [38] anything you want.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- anything — pronoun (pro.) (Indefinite pronoun acting as the object of the infinitive to say.)
39
Re-reading your entries [39] later will show you how you've changed.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- later — adverb (adv.) (Modifies Re-reading, telling when.)
40
If you're wondering [40] whether keeping a journal is worth the effort...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- whether — conjunction (conj.) (Subordinating conjunction introducing the noun clause whether keeping a journal is worth the effort.)
41
...[41] yes, it certainly is.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- yes — interjection (int.) (Set off by commas with no grammatical connection to the rest of the clause.)
42
According to one girl in [42] Connecticut...
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- Connecticut — noun (n.) (Proper noun naming a specific state; object of the preposition in.)
43
...her journal is "the closest I've ever come to knowing [43] myself."
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- myself — pronoun (pro.) (First-person singular reflexive pronoun serving as the object of the gerund knowing.)
44
The journal is an adventure [44] in self-awareness.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- in — preposition (prep.) (Introduces the prepositional phrase in self-awareness; object is the compound noun self-awareness.)
45
[45] Try keeping one yourself.
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Verified Answer & Explanation:
- Try — verb (v.) (Imperative transitive action verb; its understood subject is you and its object is the gerund phrase keeping one.)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Are articles (a, an, the) included when identifying adjectives in Section A of the Chapter 1 Review?
No. According to the textbook HELP note for the Chapter Review, you should exclude the articles a, an, and the when identifying adjectives in Section A (such as in Items 10 and 20).
Q2: Why is 'dead' classified as a noun in Section A, Item 6 ('a poem of lamentation for the dead')?
Although dead is frequently used as an adjective, in the prepositional phrase "for the dead" it is preceded by the definite article the and names a group of people (meaning "dead people"). Because it serves as the object of the preposition for, it functions as a noun.
Q3: Why is 'daily' an adjective in Section B [29] while 'weekly' is an adverb in Section A, Item 16?
Words ending in -ly that measure time (such as daily, weekly, monthly, yearly) can function as either adjectives or adverbs depending on what they modify. In Section B [29] ("the daily log"), daily directly precedes and modifies the noun log, making it an adjective. In Section A, Item 16 ("reviewed the game videotapes weekly"), weekly modifies the verb reviewed (telling how often), making it an adverb.