Exercise 9, Item 1: Identify and classify the conjunction in 'Our old car needs either a valve job or a new engine.'

either . . . or — correlative conjunction

Exercise 9, Item 8: Identify and classify the conjunction in 'Mi Kyung enjoyed the movie as much as Sarah did.'

as much as — subordinating conjunction

What are the three types of conjunctions in Holt Traditions Warriner's Handbook Sixth Course Chapter 1?

Chapter 1 (Rule 1g) classifies conjunctions into three types: (1) Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet), which join words or word groups used in the same way; (2) Correlative conjunctions (both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, whether...or), which are pairs of conjunctions that join parallel words or word groups; and (3) Subordinating conjunctions (such as after, although, as much as, because, before, if, since, so that, until, when, while), which begin a subordinate clause and connect it to an independent clause.

What does the acronym FANBOYS stand for in grammar?

FANBOYS is a memory device for the seven coordinating conjunctions in English: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So.

How can you tell whether a word like 'after', 'before', 'since', or 'until' is a preposition or a subordinating conjunction?

Check what follows the word. If the word is followed solely by a noun or pronoun object (e.g., 'After the election, we celebrated'), it is a preposition. If the word is followed by a complete clause containing a subject and a verb (e.g., 'After we won the election, we celebrated'), it is a subordinating conjunction.

Holt Traditions • Warriner's Handbook • Sixth Course

Chapter 1: The Conjunction (Exercise 9)
Complete Grammar Explanation & Interactive Answer Key

Grammar • Usage • Mechanics • Sentences

Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS), Correlative Conjunctions & Subordinating Conjunctions

What Is a Conjunction and What Are the 3 Types of Conjunctions?

A conjunction is a word or word pair that joins words or word groups. In Chapter 1 (Rule 1g) of Holt Traditions: Warriner's Handbook, Sixth Course (and Elements of Language), conjunctions are classified into three main types based on how they connect sentence parts:

Conjunction Type	Grammatical Function	Complete List / Key Examples
1. Coordinating Conjunction	Single words that join words or word groups used in the same grammatical way.	FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
2. Correlative Conjunction	Paired conjunctions that work together to join parallel words or word groups.	both . . . and, either . . . or, neither . . . nor, not only . . . but also, whether . . . or
3. Subordinating Conjunction	Begins a subordinate (dependent) clause and connects it to an independent clause.	after, although, as, as if, as much as, because, before, if, since, so that, than, until, when, while

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Important Notice for Students, Parents, and Educators: This comprehensive grammar guide and interactive answer key is published strictly for educational help, academic support, self-checking, and concept mastery—NOT for cheating or copying homework. Study the complete conjunction rules below, identify and classify the conjunctions in Exercise 9 (Items 1–20) independently first, and then click Click to Show Answer below each item to verify your work.

Complete Lesson Explanation: The Conjunction (Rule 1g)

Rule 1g: A conjunction joins words or word groups.

1. Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)

A coordinating conjunction joins words or word groups that are used in the same way (such as two nouns, two verbs, two prepositional phrases, or two independent clauses).

and but for nor or so yet

Joining Two Verbs: In A.D. 711, the Berbers invaded and conquered Spain. (And joins the two verbs invaded and conquered.)
Joining Two Clauses: We missed the opening scene, but we enjoyed the rest of the play. (But joins two independent clauses.)

Tips & Tricks (Memory Aid — FANBOYS): You can easily remember all seven coordinating conjunctions by using the acronym FANBOYS:
For • And • Nor • But • Or • Yet • So

Mechanics & Computer Literacy Connections:
• Punctuating Compound Sentences: When a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet) joins two independent clauses to form a compound sentence, it is preceded by a comma (, and / , but / , for / , yet).
• Boolean Search Operators: In online computer searches, the words and, or, and not are used as Boolean operators. In English grammar, however, only and and or function as conjunctions, whereas not functions as an adverb!

2. Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that join words or word groups that are used in the same way. Always identify both parts of the pair when classifying a correlative conjunction:

Correlative Conjunction Pair	Textbook Example & Grammatical Analysis
both . . . and	José Martí was both a revolutionary leader and a great poet. (Joins two predicate nominatives.)
either . . . or	Either Fred or Manuela will bring music for the party. (Joins two proper nouns.)
neither . . . nor	We can neither relax at home nor go outside during the storm. (Joins two verb phrases.)
not only . . . but also	Not only did Garrett Morgan patent the first gas mask, but he also invented the automatic traffic signal. (Joins two clauses.)
whether . . . or	Have you decided whether you will take physics or economics? (Joins two choices inside a clause.)

3. Subordinating Conjunctions

A subordinating conjunction begins a subordinate (dependent) clause and connects it to an independent clause. Below is the textbook reference chart of commonly used subordinating conjunctions:

after
although
as
as if
as much as
as though

because
before
how
if
in order that
provided

since
so that
than
that
though
unless

until
when
whenever
where
wherever
while

Between the Clauses It Joins: Many American Indians are reluctant to reveal their traditional names for some places because the names have spiritual meanings. / I gasped when I saw the headline.
At the Beginning of a Sentence: A subordinating conjunction may come at the beginning of a sentence instead of between the clauses it joins:
Example: When I saw the headline, I gasped.

Important NOTE (Preposition or Subordinating Conjunction?): Some words (such as after, as, before, since, until) can be used either as prepositions or as subordinating conjunctions depending on what follows them:
• PREPOSITION: After the election, we celebrated. (Followed only by the noun object election.)
• SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION: After we won the election, we celebrated. (Followed by a complete subordinate clause with the subject we and verb won.)

Exercise 9: Identifying and Classifying Conjunctions (Items 1–20)

Directions: Identify the conjunctions in the following sentences, and tell whether each is a coordinating conjunction, a correlative conjunction, or a subordinating conjunction.

HELP Tip for Exercise 9: Watch closely for paired words like either...or, whether...or, not only...but also, both...and, and neither...nor. When both parts of a pair appear, classify them together as one correlative conjunction!

Textbook Example 1. To avoid the traffic, Arturo and I left the stadium a few minutes before the game ended.
Answer: and—coordinating conjunction; before—subordinating conjunction

1 Our old car needs either a valve job or a new engine.

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